The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck below the Adam's apple. It produces thyroid hormones that help regulate growth, development, metabolism, and other important body functions.
Thyroid disorders occur when the thyroid produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism) or not enough hormone (hypothyroidism). Some common symptoms include:
- Hyperthyroidism symptoms:
- Weight loss despite increased appetite
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Tremors or shakiness
- Sweating
- Fatigue
- Anxiety or irritability
- Hypothyroidism symptoms:
- Weight gain
- Fatigue
- Sensitivity to cold temperatures
- Constipation
- Muscle weakness
- Dry skin and hair
What causes thyroid disorders? There are several potential causes:
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis - an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid
- Inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis)
- Graves' disease - another autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism
- Thyroid nodules or tumors
- Overconsumption or underconsumption of iodine
- Radiation exposure
- Certain medications
- Pregnancy
- Genetics
Thyroid disorders are typically diagnosed through physical examinations, blood tests checking
TSH, T3, and T4 hormone levels, and imaging tests like ultrasounds or thyroid scans.
Treatments vary depending on the type and severity of the disorder:
- Levothyroxine medication to replace thyroid hormones
- Anti-thyroid medications
- Radioactive iodine treatment
- Surgery
If left untreated, thyroid disorders can lead to a number of health complications:
- Cardiovascular problems
- Brittle bones (osteoporosis)
- Goiter - enlarged thyroid gland
- Cognitive impairment
- Birth defects (untreated in pregnant women)
The good news is that most thyroid disorders are highly manageable with early detection and proper treatment under an
endocrinologist's care at a facility like Vibrance Health. Patients able to regulate thyroid hormone levels can go on to live normal, healthy lives. Maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress, and sticking to treatment plans can all help too.