Decreased bone density - Vibrance Health

What is decreased bone density?

Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a condition where bones become weaker and have lower density. This happens when bone tissue breaks down faster than it can be replaced. As we age, our risk for decreased bone density increases.

Causes

There are several reasons why bone density decreases over time:

• Aging - Bone density peaks around age 30, and steadily declines as we get older
• Hormone changes - Low estrogen levels during menopause can accelerate bone loss in women
• Inadequate nutrition - Not getting enough vitamin D, calcium, or protein can weaken bones
• Lifestyle factors - Smoking, excess alcohol, and lack of exercise can deplete bones
• Medications - Steroids or other drugs can sometimes cause bone loss as a side effect

Symptoms & Risks

In the early stages, decreased bone density may have no clear signs. Over time, warning signs and risks include:

• Stunted growth in children and teens
• Receding gums and loose teeth
• Fractures and broken bones from minor injuries or falls
• Stooped posture and loss of height
• Chronic pain due to compressed fractures in the spine

Without preventative care, up to 50% of women and 25% of men will suffer an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime. Fragile bones that easily break put people, especially seniors, at higher risk for disability and even death after a major fall.

Diagnosis & Treatment

To check bone health, doctors may order a bone mineral density (BMD) test. This safe, low-dose X-ray scan compares bone density to the ideal peak for a healthy young adult. If bone density falls more than 1 to 2.5 standard deviations below ideal levels, osteopenia or osteoporosis may be diagnosed.

While lost bone strength can't be completely brought back once it declines, several treatment options can help maintain bone health and reduce fracture risks – like:

• Getting enough calcium, weight-bearing exercise, and vitamin D
• Prescription medications like bisphosphonates
• Hormone therapy for postmenopausal women
• Healthy lifestyle choices to avoid smoking, excess drinking, or medication side effects

Following doctor's orders and sticking to bone-building habits helps greatly in preserving bone integrity. It's never too late to take care of our bones and reduce the risks of brittle bones as we get older.